What is Restraint System?
In the past 20 years, newly produced automobiles have been equipped with occupant restraint systems, such as air bags, to reduce passenger injuries and fatalities in the event of a crash. An air bag is a passive restraint system—an automatic safety system that requires no action by the occupant. Government regulations, industrial participation, and social consciousness of safety have popularized the use of occupant restraints in vehicles worldwide. Using advanced technologies, additional restraints and enhanced functionalities are being implemented.
Restraint system are divided into achieve system whose protective function is achieved by action on the part of vehicle occupant or active device. As example fasterning seat belts or child seat. Another system are whose protective function is achieved in the event of an accident without any action by the occupants, such as seat belt, tensioners, seat belt force limiters, and airbags.
History :
Automobiles entered the market more than 100 years ago. Since then, tremendous progress in reliability,usability, and safety of roadway vehicles has been made. However, the availability of passive safety systems was slow in coming, despite the initial conception in 1950s and experimental production in 1970s. It was not until the late 1980s that air bags became standard equipment, beginning in the United States. Over the last 20 years, the automotive safety industry has gone through considerable changes
In recent years, passive restraint systems have been one of the fastest-growing sectors within the automotive industry. One reason for this growth is the inclusion of additional restraint devices on vehicles.For example, the average number of air-bag modules has increased from one to two per vehicle in the early1990s to four to six per vehicle for the latest models, with more expected to come. Another reason for this growth is an increase in the complexity and sophistication of the safety systems' functional requirements. For example, to minimize out-of-position occupant injuries, a smart air-bag system needs to be equipped with occupant-sensing capabilities.
Types Of Restraint System :-
a. Seat Belts =
- A seat belt or seatbelt, sometimes called a safety belt, is a safety harness designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result from a collision or a sudden stop
- As part of an overall automobile passive safety system, seat belts are intended to reduce injuries by stopping the wearer from hitting hard interior elements of the vehicle, or other passengers (the so-called second impact), are in the correct position for the airbag to deploy and prevent the passenger from being thrown from the vehicle
- Seat belts also absorb energy by being designed to stretch during any sudden deceleration, so that there is less speed differential between the passenger's body and their vehicle interior, and also to spread the loading of impact on the passengers body.
b. Air Bags :
- An airbag is a flexible bag or ‘pillow-like’ structure which inflates and deflates rapidly during certain types of car accidents
- It is a safety device aimed at preventing or minimizing injury to drivers and passengers when such an accident occurs
- Airbags have been proven to be effective in preventing serious head and chest injuries in the event of a car accident
- They are designed to be most effective when seatbelts are worn
- Airbags may be located in both the front and rear of vehicles
- Child safety seats (sometimes referred to as an infant safety seat, a child restraint system, a restraint car seat, or ambiguously as car seats) are seats designed specifically to protect children from injury or death during collision
- Automobile manufacturers may integrate child safety seats directly into their vehicle's design
- Most commonly, these seats are purchased and installed by consumers
- Many regions require children defined by age, weight, and/or height to use a governmentally approved child safety seat when riding in a vehicle
- Child safety seats provide passive restraints and must be properly used to be effective
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